Is Compulsory Military Training Necessary

Wars are peaceful than marriages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ but†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ let him who wants peace never prepare for a war†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I agree with the second part†¦.. * Military training is schooling of body and spirit in the art of killing. Military training is education for war. It is the perpetuation of war spirit. It hinders the development of the desire for peace. * Conscription involves the degradation of human personality, and the destruction of liberty. Barrack life, military drill, blind obedience to commands, however unjust and foolish they may be, and deliberate training for slaughter undermine respect for the individual, for democracy and human life. ————————————————- It is debasing human dignity to force men to give up their life, or to inflict death against their will.The country which thinks its entitled to force its citizens to go to war will never pay p roper regard to the value and happiness of their lives in peace. Moreover, by conscription the militarist spirit of aggressiveness is implanted in the whole male population at the most impressionable age. By training for war men come to consider war as unavoidable and even desirable. 1. Military training – is for people who fight external aggression through the army, navy & air force. The threat perceptions that India faces could arise from – Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Burma. However the Indian army has deployed more forces in fighting insurgency within India than in fighting wars. More army personnel have died in internal operations than in all the wars we've fought. This is demoralizing for an army who has to fight ;amp; kill it's own citizens.What is required is training for better policing and better policies to avoid internal uprisings – fire prevention rather than fire fighting. 2. Compulsory – The Indian armed forces are a v olunteer force. They face a shortage of officers, not soldiers. This shortage is in thousands whereas 20 million youth join the work force each year. Even our soldiers number around 1 million. So what would you do with the 19 million extra trained people? 3. Youth of India – our literacy rate is around 50-60%.Over 100 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 are not in school. It's not that youth don't need training – they do. And some of the qualities that military training gives – discipline, working for and in a group, fitness, energy are all useful to make them more capable so they can lead more meaningful & productive lives and contribute to the overall success & productivity of their families & land. We need more trained teachers, doctors, social activists, engineers, entrepreneurs†¦ the list is endless.We need more roads, more schools, more food, more electricity, more water, more houses†¦ this list is endless too. Trained & educated youth would contribute to the removal of poverty and distress – first for them selves – and then for their society. When unattended these cause violent uprisings which are then suppressed by the military. * They talk about conscription as a democratic institution. Yes; so is a cemetary. ————————————————- 4. Like Singapore – The answer to this part of your question lies not in geography but in economics.While Singapore is about the size of Bombay, it's recourse to compulsory military training is not because of it's small size but because its economic development is far ahead of India's. The variety of fulfilling opportunities that exist for young people in Singapore makes the military an unattractive career. O the other hand, for India's enormous pool of unemployed & maybe unemployable youth, the military is good career opportunity. So the re is currently no shortage of soldiers.But for the better educated youth, with excellent career opportunities, joining the officer corps of the armed forces is not so attractive a choice, and hence the shortfall of officers. Perhaps a day will come when all our youth are educated and can choose good careers in industry, commerce or other civilian pursuits and then we may need to resort to some type of compulsion. Or India may be a participant in a large & long duration war, with many soldiers killed and not enough wanting to die for their country, and then some type of compulsion may be necessary. As far as physical improvement is concerned, it is agreed that a year of military service might be helpful to many men. It is also true that the problem of physical condition is one of major proportions.About half the men examined by the Army and Navy during the present war have been rejected for military service, chiefly on account of mental or physical deficiencies. * Economics: It can be argued that in a cost-to-benefit ratio, conscription during peace time is not worthwhile. 77] Months or years of service amongst the most fit and capable subtracts from the productivity of the economy; add to this the cost of training them, and in some countries paying them. * â€Å"I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent. † * In peace sons bury fathers, but war violates the order of nature, and fathers bury sons. * ————————————————- â€Å"How come the dove gets to be the peace symbol? How about the pillow? It has more feathers than the dove, and it doesn't have that dangerous beak. â€Å"

Analysis of Learning Theory Essay

Teaching and education in the church utilizes both the spiritual, as well as the psychological. Andy Stanley and Lane Jones in their book Communicating For A Change discuss teaching the Bible in a clear and concise way that encourages one to change. William Yount in his book Created to Learn examines traditional learning theory and how it applies to teaching the Bible. Andy Stanley has come up with three ways one can approach teaching the Bible. The first way is to teach the Bible to people. This method is just to educate the people about Bible facts. It does not address doctrine or to dig deeper into biblical truth. Stanley states, â€Å"This is the perfect approach for the communicator whose goal is to simply explain what the Bible teaches.† This is not a very helpful teaching method. Just knowing Bible knowledge will not impact one’s life. Change requires application. The second way to approach teaching Scripture is to teach people the Bible. This is the traditional way pastors and teachers approach the Scriptures. It is three points and a poem. Stanley states, â€Å"This goal differs from the first in that the communicator takes his audience into account as he plans his approach.† The third method of teaching is the method the authors present, which is hearing and doing. Stanley states, â€Å"A third goal, and the one I subscribe to, is to teach people how to live a life that reflects the values, principles and truths of the Bible. In short, my goal is change. I want them to do something different instead of just think about it.† This is best summed up when James states to be a doer of the Word not just a hearer, in the first chapter, talks about being a hearer and a doer of the Word. Appling the Word is the only way one will see any change in one’s life. Learning also has a psychological aspect as well. There are various theories on how one learns. One such theory is behavioral learning theory. Behavioral theory teaches that one learns through conditioning. Edward Thorndike has adapted traditional beha vioral learning to the classroom. William Yount describes Thorndike’s law of readiness. â€Å"The law of readiness states that learning proceeds best when learners are properly prepared to respond†¦In the classroom, learning proceeds best when learners are made ‘ready’ – when they are engaged in the subject – at the beginning of the session.† The law of readiness takes into account the environment where learning takes place. By providing the optimal learning environment, the teacher is creating an atmosphere that encourages learning. Learning also takes place through repetition and practice, which is known as the law of exercise. The third law Thorndike recognizes is the law of effect. Yount states, â€Å"The law of effect states that any response that is followed by pleasure or reward strengthens the association between that response and its stimulus.† This theory treats human learning just like training an animal. It does not take into consideration man’s spiritual nature. However, conditioning is useful in classroom management and conduct. Another theory of learning is social learning theory. Albert Bandura is the psychologist who popularized this theory. It has four stages. Stage one is known as attention. Yount states, â€Å"Attention is attracted, intentionally or not, by the perception that models help status competence, popularity, success, or similarity.† The concept of modeling is best described biblically as discipleship. The next phase is called retention. Yount states, â€Å"Retention – ‘retaining information or impressions’ – refers to the observer’s encoding of the model’s behavior into memory so that it can be remembered and produced at a later time.† This is done by mentally storing the information in one’s brain. The third stage is production. Production is practicing the observed behavior and adapting it based on feedback. This concept is learning by doing what one has seen in the model. Jesus sent out the disciples in groups of two to put into practice what they have learned. The fourth stage is motivation. The learning is motivated by their behavior being reinforced. This is done through feedback, both positive and negative. Social learning theory is consistent with the process of discipleship. Mentors are able to model what the Christian life looks like and the disciples put that behavior into practice. A third learning theory is cognitive learning theory. One form of cognitive learning is known as discovery learning. Yount states, â€Å"Discovery learning builds upon direct instruction to help students see the relationships among principles and concepts. It leads to longer-lasting retention of the material, as well as higher self-esteem in learners. Discovery learning encourages the development and use of creative thinking skills, involving formal logic, but more, including beliefs, desires expectations, emotions, and intentions of learners.† Discovery learning is made up of five concepts. The first concept is structure. This is organizing material in a concrete way in order to be taught. It is organizing material into outlines or graphs and the like. The next concept is presentation. Yount states, â€Å"Bruner believed that people possess different modes of under standing, and that these modes were available to learners of any age. He called these modes the enactive, the iconic, and the symbolic.† The enactive mode is learning by doing and seeing presentations. The iconic mode is learning visually by pictures and such. The symbolic mode is learning by describing complicated concepts verbally. The third concept is economy. This concept deals with the idea that providing too much information can cause overload and actually hinder learning. Stanley refers to this when evaluating traditional Bible teaching. The next concept is power. This power is best found in keeping learning simple and concise. Breaking concepts down into formulas or diagrams is helpful. The final concept of discovery learning is motivation. Yount states, â€Å"Intrinsic motivation sustains that will to learn; extrinsic motivation does not. Intrinsic motivation comes from the student’s own curiosity, their drive to achieve competence, and reciprocity – the desire to work cooperatively with others. These are rewarding in themselves, and thus, self-sustaining. The fourth learning theory is educational humanism. This concept takes the whole person into consideration and is learner focused. Yount states, â€Å"Learners are persons; therefore, life-changing learning engages personal attitudes, emotions, and values. The goal of educational humanism was to personalize the classroom.† There are several positive aspects to humanistic learning. One is the ability for teachers to build relationships with their students. This can also apply the modeling concept of social learning. Another positive aspect is the ability for students to explore their feelings and emotions. Yount states, â€Å"In the context of Bible study, exploring personal feelings and sharing personal testimonies are means to spiritual growth as God’s Word speaks, and Bible truths are discovered, personalized, and integrated into the authentic activities of life.† Learning theory impacts how one approaches teaching the Bible. In the opinion of the author, social learning theories, as well as, aspects of discovery learning and humanistic learning are effective in teaching the Scriptures. The concept of modeling is biblical. When Jesus told the disciples to follow Him, He was inviting them into a modeling relationship. This is the call to discipleship. By discovering biblical truth and applying to one’s life, both individually and in community, is how one grows in Christ. Bibliography Stanley, Andy and Lane Jones. Communicating For A Change. Colorado Springs: Multnomah Books, 2006. Yount, William R. Created to Learn: A Christian Teacher’s Introduction to Educational Psychology. Nashville: B&H Academic, 2010. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Andy Stanley and Lane Jones, Communicating For A Change, (Colorado Springs: Multnomah Books, 2006), 93. [ 2 ]. Stanley and Jones, 94. [ 3 ]. William R. Yount, Created to Learn: A Christian Teacher’s Introduction to Educational Psychology, (Nashville: B&H Academic, 2010), 178. [ 4 ]. Yount, 179. [ 5 ]. Ibid., 219. [ 6 ]. Ibid., 220. [ 7 ]. Ibid., 221. [ 8 ]. Ibid., 242. [ 9 ]. Ibid., 243. [ 10 ]. Stanley and Jones, 102. [ 11 ]. Yount, 244. [ 12 ]. Ibid., 313. [ 13 ]. Ibid., 323.

The “Boundaryless” Career

The â€Å"Boundaryless† career serves as the status quo for 21st century career literature. (Dany,Francoise 2011) Based on the development of information and technology, researchers see the requirement to develop a more useful employment model for the â€Å"new organization era†.Contrasting with the previous career concept, now workers are more independent and more responsible for their own future. Although the definitions of the â€Å"Boundaryless† concept seek to explain modern career concepts, some researchers do criticize the theory as being difficult to operationalize (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010) due to its ambiguity, and multiple definitions. (Inkson,Kerr 2012)In this paper I will critically analyze the theory of â€Å"Boundaryless† career and some of its criticisms, and at the same time attempt to cross reference the essay along with my own career development plans. Today labor market changed greatly and careers are becoming more complex and uncertai n. (Walton, P.304)The strengthening economics, forces organization to become more flexible with employment policy while the definition of career slowly changes to a lifelong learning process (Arnold, John1997), and the concept of the traditional job or job security are becoming obsolete. (Arthur&Rosseau,1994 Sommerland,Julie2007) Career can be understood differently by people from different back ground, culture or country.For those differences, still most individuals share a similar drive for a career. At any point in life we associate with career, example my education aim to master in business management studies is part my career. For an established definition, career is a sequence of work experiences over time-unfold (Arthur, Rousseau P.3).The notion of career offers a vantage point from which to understand the evolution of relationship between organization structure and strategy, as well as the relationship between individual and his/her behavior. (Inkson,Kerr 2012) Career can al so be described in two different ways.The subjective career or the psychological dimension and the objective career or also can be understand as the physical dimension of career. (Arthur,MB 2005) Since I started my career my focus is to work in an environment that I am comfortable to learn and continually seeking for new challenges.In the 21st century â€Å"new career† theory, these two aspects act as an important factor for worker’s decision about their own career. (Briscoe,Jon P. 2006) Most my transition between companies I made  were made to get closer to my career objective and in the same time being able keep my life style as much as possible, which really help me to balance out my physical and psychological demand for my career path.The â€Å"new career† literature has become a hot topic for researchers, and two concepts particularly grab the attention. The two modern career concepts are â€Å"Boundaryless† career and â€Å"Protean† career. Protean theory focus on achieving subjective success through self-directed vocational behavior while â€Å"Boundaryless† focuses on crossing both objective and subjective dimension of career at multiple levels of analysis including organizational position, mobility, flexibility, the work environment. (Sullivan,Sherry E. 2006, Briscoe,Jon P. 2006) As the present backdrop, â€Å"Boundaryless† career became an uncontroversial description of the way things are. (Arnold,John 2011)In 2011, â€Å"Boundaryless† career is one of the leading â€Å"new career† theories, in terms of published scholarly articles. (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010) Although, according to some recent research and criticism, scholars emphasized physical mobility across organizational boundaries at the cost of neglecting psychological mobility and its relationship to physical relationship. (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010) That is simply because Physical mobility is easier to measure than psychologic al mobility.However, despite the assumption of increasing mobility across organizations boundaries have rarely been analyzed in the career literature (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010). Contrary to much of the rhetoric mobility between employers has not been increasing during the 1990s and 2000s. (Arnold,John 2011)Evidence from several countries suggests that most people still have long term employment setting and significant increase in mobility across organization boundaries (Inkson,2012) also in patterns of career mobility in the U.S.A and that key workers can still count on organizations for their career (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010)The evidence also suggest that the type of career mobility commonly associated with â€Å"Boundaryless† has been present in the U.S.A and other countries in period considered to be dominated by hierarchical careers with organization. (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010) From evidences and my own experience, I am certain that modern day worker still do seek for a secure job and a traditional like culture for the future.Other criticisms found on Arthur and Rousseau’s â€Å"Boundaryless†Ã‚  career as being problematic (Arnold,John 2011, Rodrigues 2010) as well as inaccurate labeling, loose definition, over emphasis on personal agency, normalization of â€Å"Boundaryless† career and poor empirical support for the claim dominance of â€Å"Boundarlyless† career. (Inkson,Kerr 2012)My experience during the economic recession, many people including myself needed to be mobile and act for own interest to get the best opportunity out in the competitive market. Then again in normal economic situation it seems to underestimates the degree of stability and the desire for stability in industry and employment.In conclusion as the new social contract between employers and employees seems to be propelled by the globalization process and by rapidly improving information technology (Sullivan,Sherry E. 2006). Research and theory on â€Å"Boundaryless† career has been responsive to changes in the economic and organizational context of the past 25 years (Inkson,Kerr 2012)The author argues for the need for a new career concept to grab the suitable policies for the modern workers who are changing in technologies and security disorder caused by the dynamic change. (Arthur&Rousseau P.4) Criticism suggest that the â€Å"Boundaryless† career offers confusion and ambiguity regarding whether the concepts provide description of how career are these days, especially concerning which particular boundaries are crossed.

Precedent in English Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Precedent in English Law - Essay Example It is always considered to be the rule-based, legally well-established case law. "The fact that English Law is largely a system of case-law means that the judge's decision in a particular case constitutes a 'precedent'The judge may simply be obliged to decide the case before him in the same way as that in which the previous case was decided, even if he can give a good reason for not doing so," Cross and Harris (1991, p.4). There is no doubt that precedents have not remained what they used to be and as the society evolves, some of the precedents might become irrelevant and it is left to the court's discerning judgement where and how to apply these highly useful precedents. "Rather, what is common to all the various traits of free judicial decision-making is their critical attitude towards the formalist premises of legal positivism and the ideology of bound judicial decision-making," Siltala (2000, p.5) and he argues that legislative techniques have undergone great change in 20th century which has given way to 'judicial anti-formalism'. Precedent spells the legal authority in the form of a forgone legal case that had reached a judgement that could be described as 'out of the track'. It does not say that similar judgement should be established every time; it only becomes a mandatory example from which either the judge could derive inspiration or measure the new case from that angle. Court is expected to consider such precedents before interpreting law for another judgement. Precedent is a landmark decision that could be applied to other cases, but according to independent circumstances. "The rule-based model suggests that the function of precedent is to settle the law so that it can guide individuals and the courts. The reason-based model suggests that the function is to compensate for the erosion of consensus in the common law by simultaneously fixing starting points for decision-making without giving the judiciary lawmaking power" http://journals.cambridge.org/download.phpfile=%2FLEG%2FLEG11_01%2FS1352325205050019a.pdf&code=303b5dd539d0786a50aadfcbedad50cd Precedents could be mandatory/binding or persuasive, depending on the importance of the said precedent, and also depending on the exclusive circumstances under which it was delivered and the authority who created the precedent. Usually binding precedents are created by higher courts for the lower courts to follow. If created by a lower court, it is never binding on the higher court, although it could take it as a matter of sound significance. Even if it is binding, this does not mean that the lower court has to follow it to the letter unless it is 'directly in point' and no additional cases could be formed on the precedent case. Also in rare occasions, a higher court can overturn the judgement of precedent case, or sometimes even limit the scope of the precedent. Even when they are binding, they do so in a certain ratio, which was highly pronounced in Duncan v Cammell. "On that criterion the ratio decidendi of Duncan v Cammell, Laird would have to be "the" reason which explains the holding on "the" material facts and nothing wider. Therefore all utterances in the precedent case which went in verbal ambit beyond such a reason, even though that ambit might seem to govern the instant facts, did not in law do so. For they were simply not a part of the ratio of Duncan's case," says Stone (1985, p.133).

World Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

World Literature - Essay Example Yet this mutual invincibility is also what makes Gilgamesh and then, Enkidu temple the aggression during the fight. Gilgamesh sees Enkidu as the only alike creature in the world and calls Enkidu â€Å"friend† and even â€Å"brother† before Gilgamesh’s mother Ninsun in Tablet 2 (The Epic of Gilgamesh, 2000). Another thing that brings friends together is their ability to meet each other a halfway. Enkidu was created a complete savage coming down from a mountain and feeding and living with animals. Yet when the prostitute tells Enkidu about Gilgamesh and different urban life, Enkidu fallows willing to meet the only creature alike. From the first sight, Gilgamesh doesn’t sacrifice anything to become Enkidu’s friend, but Enkidu changes Gilgamesh. To use own power for good is important for Enkidu, and so it becomes important for Gilgamesh, and friends decide to fight Humbaba. In modern world, good friends are supportive for each other in a way similar to Enkidu and Gilgamesh. They don’t afraid to change own plans for a life if it’s what makes a friend happy. Good friends are always there for each other, but most important that they are equal for each other. Otherwise, there’s no respect in relationships, and someone necessary feels humiliated, someone

Corporate environmental management (Business Subject) Assignment - 1

Corporate environmental management (Business Subject) - Assignment Example Xerox was fortunate to have many of these business ethics in place in the European operations already, and leadership with the vision to capture the competitive advantage that good environmental stewardship might provide. Besides, it was the right thing to do. Because Xerox had earned a large share of the copier market, the Federal Trade Commission required Xerox to abandon its patent to allow more competition. Xerox lost market share and was forced to reorganize to liven the company. Nine divisions were created which largely acted as separate companies. But each specialized company became closer to their customers and could respond to the market more quickly. Through the years, Xerox became more involved in local environmental issues and supportive of environmental health for their communities. From the total quality management (TQM) program established in the early 1980s, Xerox moved to a TQM for environmental issues. Now, the employees would be involved in stewardship of the syste m. Five programs were initiated: cartridge recycling; supplies; asset management; waste reduction and recycling; and employee involvement. The big idea involved minimizing the environmental impacts of the supply chain through the life cycle of the products. This implementation required each machine, part or shipping material to have a secondary purpose or a recycling design use. The company adapted the Environmental Protection Administration program to reuse, repair/reprocess recycle or dispose of properly, in that order. Asset Recycle Management (ARM) policies were adopted to organize the effort to reuse and recycle. Machines were handled in house while cartridges and parts were remanufactured by suppliers. The next evolution of the process was Design-For-Environment (DFE) which involved engineering each component with the lifecycle in mind. Each component’s raw materials and design would involve the choice of recyclable materials or reusable parts. The stated goal was 0% wa ste in the manufacturing processes for any new product by 1997. Obviously, a very lofty goal even today. The measurement of this goal involved a minimum 90% reduction in waste. The evolution of this business ethic required only 30 years. Xerox accepted a leadership role in environmental stewardship. Is this an appropriate goal? Xerox followed proper management techniques to reduce regulatory impacts and market its leadership of environmental citizenship. Considering the increased demand for government intervention in environmental stewardship regulations and the personal tragedy of contaminating their neighbor’s groundwater, Xerox acted responsibly to take a leadership role and mitigate any potential damages. Then, one step further, tried to eliminate future risks. Looking at environmental stewardship as a risk management tool, simple compliance, due diligence and integrated risk management are the options offered to corporate management. Simple compliance implies a change in process each time a new level of compliance is mandated. Due diligence implies staying one step ahead of new compliance levels. Risk management suggests retooling operations to eliminate as much environmental risk as possible to reduce the regulatory risk. Risk management is a sound business strategy; environmental stewardship is a sound ethic which can be exploited in marketing. Where on the matrix of strategies does Xerox belong?

Impact of Brand Image on Consumer on Clothing Industry Dissertation

Impact of Brand Image on Consumer on Clothing Industry - Dissertation Example lysis 25 3.1 Theoretical Framework 25 3.2 Justification of Research Method 28 3.3 Sampling 31 3.4 Data Analysis 32 Chapter 4: Research Findings and Discussion 34 4.1 Background of the Respondents 35 4.2 Impact of Brand Image on Buying Behaviour 37 4.3 Possible outcomes and Results 42 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 43 References 46 Bibliography 50 Appendix 51 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1Problem Formulation Clothing happens to be one of the necessities along with food and shelter. However, over the years clothing has been a bit more than just a mere necessity to cover body parts. Clothing has become an integral part of the style statement and hence a lot of companies have entered the clothing business making it quite competitive. The clothing business on global basis includes major players as well as small local players. As a result of the rise in competition marketing and research has become extremely important to gain competitive advantage. The market research and analysis in clothing industry is mostly concerned with the study of consumer behaviour patterns in order to indentify personal needs and also to analyze the perception of the consumers towards various stimuli related to the marketing mix in the form of product, price, place and promotion. One of the most popular topics of market research has been the effect or impact of brand image on consumer behaviour. Researchers round the world have tried to analyze factors that mostly influences a buyer of behave in a certain fashion. Researchers have tried to understand whether the customers are willing to pay premium price for branded products; the association of branding and consumer perception towards quality. Being the developed economy that they are countries like U.K., U.S. has seen the presence of the... Clothing happens to be one of the necessities along with food and shelter. However, over the years clothing has been a bit more than just a mere necessity to cover body parts. Clothing has become an integral part of the style statement and hence a lot of companies have entered the clothing business making it quite competitive. The clothing business on global basis includes major players as well as small local players. As a result of the rise in competition marketing and research has become extremely important to gain competitive advantage. The market research and analysis in clothing industry is mostly concerned with the study of consumer behaviour patterns in order to indentify personal needs and also to analyze the perception of the consumers towards various stimuli related to the marketing mix in the form of product, price, place and promotion. One of the most popular topics of market research has been the effect or impact of brand image on consumer behaviour. Researchers round the world have tried to analyze factors that mostly influences a buyer of behave in a certain fashion. Researchers have tried to understand whether the customers are willing to pay premium price for branded products; the association of branding and consumer perception towards quality. Being the developed economy that they are countries like U.K., U.S. has seen the presence of the plethora of major brands like fast fashion retailers like Zara, H&M, top-shop; major sports cum fashion apparel brands like Addias, Puma, Nike, Fila, Fcuk, etc.

Econ 101 Model Building Exercise Research Paper

Econ 101 Model Building Exercise - Research Paper Example This means that economic recession cues may actually enhance interest in products that make people more attractive and presentable, despite the fact that recessions dampen interest in majority of product segments. By identifying why and how economic depressions and recessions affect the psychology of women, this model should enrich developing links between consumer behavior, economic conditions, and gender relationships psychology. Civi (2013) establishes that economic recessions can be associated reliably with increased consumer spending on traditional inferior goods, for example foregoing salmon for tuna due to budgetary constraints, as well as morale boosters like films. Whereas his research identifies increased spending on beauty and personal care products, the suggestion made is that this spending could be a third economic recession indicator, which has deep roots in human ancestral psychology. Ratner et al (2014), in turn, note that the economic recession of 2007/2008 saw a down-turn in spending for most consumer products and real estate consistent with other economic declines, while people were less likely to go on vacation to instead spending time at home. However, even with the predictable decline in consumer spending during the last recession, beauty and personal care products fared unusually well. Lopaciuk and Loboda (2013) supports this conclusion, showing that while the rest of the economy suffere d record sales decline, cosmetic companies like L’Oreal experienced a 5.3% sales growth, using this evidence as proof of the ‘lipstick effect’. This idea, it is noted, has been subject to discussion and debate in recent economic downturns, especially in the Great Depression during which sales in cosmetics grew dramatically. While consumer spending has always tended to decline in the midst of economic downturns and recessions, there is compelling evidence that economic recessions are linked to increased consumer spending on

'Discuss with reference to academic sources, case law, the Law Essay

'Discuss with reference to academic sources, case law, the Law Commission's proposals in the Law Commission Consultation Paper 1 - Essay Example This means that such evidence carries a considerable weight in jury decisions, especially if it goes in accordance with circumstantial evidence4. Indeed, the â€Å"aura of infallibility†5 regarding the scientific evidence is sometimes enough to polarise the court and sway it heavily in favour of one party6. Whereas the inclusion of expert evidence in criminal trials has proven to be very helpful in jury decisions, especially when it is as straightforward as DNA results7, there have been many disturbing miscarriages of justice in regard to either too much or very unreliable expert evidence, which has led to a growing skepticism8 among the legal bodies about the involvement of such information. This paper relays some of those problems and their causes, and proposes a solution in the form of a screening panel for the analysis of such evidence as a solution to these problems. Expert evidence, owing to its nature, is complex and technical, and is often beyond the intellectual capac ity and understanding of the legal body, including the judge, jurors, and lawyers, because they have not been trained for such disciplines. This leads to the basic controversy that the judge and the jurors tend to side with the expert readily, given the â€Å"aura of infallibility†(No 5)9, as stated before. This trend alone can lead to grave miscarriages of justice, as it stems from two further issues. Firstly, it is not necessary that the expert opinion is based on reliable and authentic sources, and that the methodology of data collection and analysis is standardised and authentic. Often the scientific techniques for gathering evidence do not reach up to the mark10, or are not fully developed or researched in that region. This means that the legal body would be basing their decisions on unreliable and flawed information_ an inexcusable error in the legal discourse11. Secondly, the objectivity of the expert can be questionable. By law, the expert is expected to be an â€Å" independent† witness12, that is, unbiased and basing his statements only on the factual evidence. However, this might not be the case. The expert witness is, more often that not, also the expert adviser to one of the parties13, and as an adviser, by law, he is expected to abide by non-disclosure and loyalty to his party, aiming, at no time during the legal proceedings, to harm the image or motives of his party14. The same adviser, when presenting as a witness in court and submitting expert evidence, is expected, by law, to be impartial and adhere to complete disclosure of all the information on which he is basing his opinions, such that those facts should be the same on which the judge or the jurors would base their decisions15. As can be clearly seen, these two roles of the expert witness contradict each other and are paradoxical in nature, leading to many wrongful decisions by the court16, or at the least, eliciting a lot of controversies. Expert witnesses cost money, and th e employment of multiple expert witnesses by the different parties means the legal proceedings become quite an expensive affair17. This problem exacerbates when the parties involved have different economic standings, leading to a disparity between the parties in relation to the accessibility of resources. This means that those who can afford it will be able to call more expert witnesses

In this task, you will use selected resources to research and report Paper

In this task, you will use selected resources to and report on the lifestyles, values, mores, and other characteristics of at least two minority cultures living in your state - Research Paper Example The ethnic heritage of Mexican nationals is primarily defined by a mix of European and Native American (as in native to the American continent) origins, thus providing a tie between those of Mexican descent and those of Native American descent (Gutierrez, 1999, p. 7). In an examination of Mexican Americans and Paiute Native Americans in Nevada, an interesting comparison can be made between cultures and heritage. The Mexican American population comprised 73% of the Latino population in the year 2000, and by 2006 increased to 78% (Timko, 2007). The Mexican American population makes up 14.3% of the total population of Nevada and in 1998 over 1 million businesses in Nevada were owned by Mexican Americans (Stacy, 2003, p. 583). According to Miranda (1997), the Mexican American population in Nevada is not oppressed by the same kind of discrimination that other border states tend to assert over their Mexican American populations (Nevada is not directly on the border, but within very close proximity). While this may have shifted a bit since the rise in the last ten years of immigration buzz word politics, the cultural acceptance of the Mexican American populations most likely has remained at the core of the way in which Nevada determines its position. There is an economic connection that is very strong between Nevada and Mexico. In 2001 Mexico imported the second largest number of goods produced in Nevada, thus tying the success of the state to the economic stability of Mexico. Nevada exports electrical equipment, lime, salt, plaster, and cement to Mexico as a result of the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) from 1994 (Stacy, 2003, p. 583). In the 1990’s there was a significant increase, however, of immigrants from Mexico into Nevada due to the economic downturn of 1991, thus creating a trend of an increasing population that has continued into the 21st century (Miranda, 1997, p. 209). There was a time

Revisions of Foundations of the Development and Functions of Police Assignment

Revisions of Foundations of the Development and Functions of Police - Assignment Example The political policing era of policing embraced the watch-man style, which embodied police discretion, and control rather than prevention a system, which is distant from society (Ken, 2009). In terms of discretion, police chose whom to serve and protect at their judgment with reference to politicians who had immense control over them. The approach of dealing with crime was often questioned because of its reactive nature. The control of crime was based on controlling rather than prevention and this hugely led to crime escalation (Ken, 2009). Second was the legalistic style, which made law enforcement the only concern of the police at the expense of social problems; by advocating only for the enforcement of the law to the letter. Politicians enacted several Legislations to establish full-time control over the police. A good example is the 1844 law in New York City that aimed at putting police under the control of city politicians and the government (Ken, 2009). Such laws disregarded public view, as they were the preserve of the political class. The police had no interest at all about the social problems in the country. The main agenda was to enforce and implement the law to the letter. Finally was the service style whereby police conceptualized themselves as helpers of the country when crime or war occurred. Service delivery was considered as a favor to the society rather than an obligation. It is often well-known as the systematic policing practice whose mandate was to reform the political-oriented police practice (Ken, 2009). It embraced the three styles but implemented each of them completely different from the political approach. Discretion exercised early was limited by far. The police schedule became standardized, as officers were now required to enforce the law and make arrests based on the crime committed lieu of the political power-play (Ken, 2009). More efforts were evoked to prevent crime rather making injunctions only after crime

Discuss Shakespeare’s presentation of Jaques as the “odd man out” in As You Like It Essay Example for Free

Discuss Shakespeare’s presentation of Jaques as the â€Å"odd man out† in As You Like It Essay It can be argued that Shakespeare continuously presents Jaques as the odd man out throughout the romantic comedy As you like it through a range of methods. Jaques’ melancholy character would have been a solid portrayal of man courtiers at the time both in society and in literature as this misanthropic attitude was perceived as fashionable. As You Like It is based on Thomas Lodge’s â€Å"Rosalynd† – Jaques is not a character in this, he is Shakespeare’s own creation, prominent character who provides balance, through his cynicism, from the pastoral and romantic idyll. As You Like It is not wholly a pastoral piece however, as Shakespeare diverges slightly from the conventional pastoral tradition throughout As You Like It. To be continued†¦ Paragraph One – Act 2, Scene 1: Act 2, Scene 1 is the first time we are introduced to Jaques, despite him not being present, his absence from stage immediately depicts him as an odd man out as he is not with the people he has chosen to be exiled with, he is apart from the group he is supposedly part of. Although Jaques is not in this scene, this scene is vital in beginning to mould our impressions of Jaques, through reportage one of the Lords gives Jaques the epithet â€Å"the melancholy Jaques† this is the first time he is mentioned and it singles him out as rather strange, as a â€Å"melancholy† man he certainly stands out in such a light hearted play. Being introduced as â€Å"melancholy† would have led the Elizabethans to believe that Jaques had an excess black bile leading to his unbalanced behaviour; this imbalance of the four humours would have singled him out as an odd man out. Jaques bemoans how the exiled Duke and his courtiers are usurping the deer of the forest by hunting them: â€Å"You do more usurp than doth your brother that hath banished you.† This reaction is rather expansive and it contrasts with Duke Seniors more moderate view of realising the necessity of hunting. This idea of hunting is where Shakespeare falls slightly away from the conventional pastoral tradition. Shakespeare probably chose to incorporate the more realistic aspect of hunting so he was able to present Jaques as a courtier struggling to adjust  to forest life. This contrasts with the other courtiers who are trying to adjust to life in Arden. The initial visual image of Jaques, again created through reportage: â€Å"as he lay along under an oak whose antic root peeps out upon the brook† this depiction of Jaques under a tree beside a brook presents Jaques here yet again as an odd man out through this pose which was a prominent pose for a philosopher in contemporary Elizabethan art, and the Elizabethan audience would have recognised this. The Lords quotes Jaques, â€Å"Poor deer, thou maks’t a testament as worldlings do, giving thy sum of more to that which had too much.† Shakespeare presents Jaques, through dialogue, as the commentator who connects the rather irrelevant death of the stag to his cynical view of the world, this commentating role that Jaques adapts reaffirms our initial impressions of him as an odd man out. He â€Å"weeps† for the deer and seems greatly affected by such a trivial event. Jaques’ view of hunting in Act 2, Scene 1 juxtaposes the celebratory tone in reference to hunting in Act 4, Scene 2: â€Å"Let’s present him to the Duke like a Roman conqueror.† This precarious attitude towards hunting makes us question whether Jaques’ melancholy is merely an affectation. Jaques cannot, however, be classified, in Act 2, Scene 1, as a complete malcontent as Duke Senior desires his company, â€Å"I love to cope him in these sullen fits† and whilst Jaques is separate from the other exiled courtiers in this scene; he is not alienated by them. In this scene he is presented as an odd man out, but only to a certain extent. Paragraph Two – Act 2, Scene 5: In Act 2, Scene 5, Shakespeare use of the simile â€Å"I can suck melancholy out of a song as a weasel sucks eggs.† to show how Jaques relishes in his melancholy, he is almost boasting the fact that he can find melancholy in anything, this furthers our impression of him as an odd man out in this sportive play. Jaques compares himself to a weasel, a disagreeable, sharp toothed animal, out of place in this pastoral idyll; this comparison strongly presents him as an outsider. Jaques’ satirical verse of song gives an alternative view of the courtiers’ situation, he parodies Amiens’ song and by putting his own idiosyncratic twist on it, he is showing himself to be the odd man out, he is not adjusting to the forest as the others have. He calls the courtiers â€Å"gross fools† for leaving the comfort of court for country life, although it was not their choice. He seems to forget that he  is one of the â€Å"fools† that has left his â€Å"wealth and ease† for exiled life in Arden, in this way it could be argued that he is not in fact an odd man out to the extent that he is a complete outsider, rather he is actually part of the ensemble of Duke Senior and the other exiled Lords. Paragraph Three – Act 2, Scene 7: Act 2, Scene 7 is arguably the most important scene of the play for Jaques, in this scene Jaques is presented as being envious of the license of the fool which Touchstone holds, â€Å"I am ambitious for a motely coat† he says that the metaphorical motely coat is his only â€Å"suit† playing on the word â€Å"pursuit†, to have the license of the fool is the only thing he will pursue. Shakespeare uses the simile â€Å"I must have liberty withal, as large a character as the wind to blow on whom I please† to reinforce this ambition to be a commentator. This audacious satire presents him as an odd man out because he wants to separate himself from society and be able to comment and criticise the world around him freely. The 1590’s were a great time of censorship, satire was under threat and Shakespeare takes this opportunity to address the issue that writers should be allowed to use satire. The idea that Jaques wanted to â€Å"cleanse the foul body of th’infected world† would have resonated with the Elizabethan audiences who lived in a corrupt world, under the rule of Queen Elizabeth’s Dictatorial court. However DS is quick to chastise Jaques through badinage, saying that Jaques has been a â€Å"libertine† he suggests that it would be hypocritical for Jaques to attempt to cleanse the world of its’ vices and follies because he is just the same as the rest of us, for he has been a hedonist, this suggests that Jaques is not an odd man out, he attempts to present himself as being a patrician but he is in fact no better than the rest of us. Jaques’ Seven Ages of Man extended metaphor is the longest speech in the entire play; it gives Jaques’ bleak view of life. His very ideas of life are melancholic; the image of the â€Å"mewling and puking† baby is not what comes to the common persons mind when they would think of a baby, showing Jaques to be a contrarian. The entire speech is about the cyclical pattern of loss throughout life, in the beginning we have nothing and anything we gain in life we end up losing anyway. Jaques presents himself as the commentator, commenting on the different stages of life that people aspire to such as that of the lover, he  presents the lover as â€Å"sighing like furnace with a woeful ballad made to his mistress’ eyebrow† he presents the lover as then he satirises the parts of life which should be honourable; he mocks the soldier with his â€Å"bubble reputation† and the corrupt judiciary. As he continues, what he says grows continuously morose, the sibilance in â€Å"Shrunk shank† suggests the muscle wastage in old age; Jaques suggests that life is ultimately about loss. This bleak outlook on life shows Jaques to be a misanthropic odd man out. The way Jaques compares the world to theatre was quite conventional of literature at the time, but it is quite interesting that Shakespeare chose to compare life to a â€Å"history†, with Jaques’ melancholia it may have been more suitable for him to compare life to a tragedy but perhaps Shakespeare is suggesting that Jaques does see that life is a mixture of comedy and tragedy so maybe his view isn’t so unique, maybe he is only an odd man out to some extent. The juxtaposition of the following scene shows that Jaques melancholic view isn’t quite universal, neither Orlando the romantic hero of the play, nor Adam the old man fit their stereotype, Orland is seen as greater than just the lover, he is honourable and shows compassion to Adam and Adam is referred to as a â€Å"venerable burden† he does not fit the scathing analysis of the elderly by Jaques. Through this juxtaposition Jaques is clearly presented as the odd man, he has his own separate view of life, which does not really reflect reality.

The 1990s Ethnic Conflict in Former Yugoslavia

The 1990s Ethnic Conflict in Former Yugoslavia Wars, conflicts, reformations were most of the issues in the 19th century. The desire to seek for freedom, equality, and justice. In most of the wars and conflicts around the world in the 19th century was somehow based on religion, freedom, injustice, inequality and properties. The ethnic conflict in Yugoslavia was more complex than just internal conflict. It constitutes both internal and external factors. The ethnic groups in former Yugoslavia was a socialist state: Serbs, Croats, Bosnian Muslims, Albanians, Slovenes, and others under a comparatively related communist regime after the Germany occupation in Second World War and a resentful ethnic conflict. By looking at the ethnic groups, the causes and the consequences of the war in former Yugoslavia, this essay will discuss the ethnic groups, the internal, international and the nationalism causes of the war and the long term effect of the ethnic conflict. Firstly, the Yugoslavia war was an ethnical conflict fought between the 1991 to 2001 in the territory of former Yugoslavia. The ethnic groups in Yugoslavia are constitute by individual identity whose bonds to loyalty are grounded in shared identity, and that these national identities are, in turn, both organic and political[1]. These ethnic groups in Yugoslavia share the same ideology in social and political concept, sing, salute and cheers for the national teams but in the order hand, there are injustice, mistrust and inequality among the groups. The tolerance for the differences made coexistence possible, but it also perpetuated and crystallized differences. Social and political differentiation, even oppression, brought conflict and even lasting hatreds in their wake, and were liable to break out into open warfare. They broke out into class struggles (landlord-peasant conflict) or political struggles, in history contexts of imperial crisis and nation-state-building wars[2]. After t he end of World War 1 and the collapse of the Austria -Hungary, the ethnic groups in Yugoslavia came together as one state, Yugoslavia was founded in 1918. In 1929, Yugoslavia was formally named as the kingdom of Yugoslavia. In addition, even as the common similarities between the Yugoslav state, on the other hand, the differences-religious, cultural, even linguistic-were unique and it were too great for the creation of a single nation.[3] To date this unique differences does not exist any longer. The Yugoslavia conflict started in the name independence by Serbs in the 1802 with revolt and struggle to gain independent from the Ottoman Turks. After the death of Tito, many ethnic groups were seeking for their independence such as Slovenes and Croats, which was an act encourage by the Germany[4]. The denying of the nationality for both Serbs and Croats arises problem and also the Serbs consider the Muslims to be historical traitors, which also caused a heated fire in the Yugoslavia state. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ anti- Muslim prejudices were shared by Croat and Serbs alike; it was the more overtly chauvinistic nationalist movements among Serbsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[5]. After the revolt and protract struggle of Serbs in 1804 to regain their independence from the Ottoman Turks, Bosnia followed up for their independence which worsen the conflict in Yugoslavia. Most of the conflict was an internal affair concerning religions and ethnic groups. Nevertheless, Slovenes, Croat and other ethnic groups we re seeking power for themselves in Yugoslavia state, there was huge conflict and war between the ethnic groups such as Serbs and Ottoman Turk, Serbs and the Bosnia. Eight turbulent nations, forced by an iron hand to share the same for seventy years, finally demanded to separate from one another, which resulted in the breakdown into nation state.[6] The Serbs refused to grant other groups independent which resulted in another conflict of liberation. International bodies such as the United Nations, USA, and Canada worsened the situation by getting involved in the conflict. UN and these international communities deliberately destroy former Yugoslavia. The UN failed to control the violence and the war because of wrong analysis of the conflict, which resulted in a wrongful approach to the situation. The intervention of international countries filled it. Wilmer states, the influence of the Cold War leads USA and the Soviet Union constitutes a bipolar , the failure of the economy, politic crisis and the death of Tito in 1980 was also a part of the causes of Yugoslavia war[7]. The ignorance of NATO also worsened the situation; if NATO had intervened in the 1991 against the Yugoslav army, that could have reduced the war for which the western leaders not ready to risk the military power. Nationalism which was also causes the war in Yugoslavia. After the second World War, nationalism began to fail and disappearing. Serbs claimed, Muslims planned to turning into Islamic state, the complaint that Croatian identity and culture had been submerged by Serbian political, cultural, and linguistic hegemony with Yugoslavia and the misguided policies of the interwar regime, which were based on the misperception that Serbian had been unfairly privileged following the World War 1[8]. On the other hand, the Serbs were arrogant to grant the rest of the groups independence after they gain theirs from the Ottoman Turks. This is because they have the military power, they wanted to control the whole Yugoslavia. One of problematic aspects of war is the health of individual. The effect of the Yugoslavia war includes the health care issues for both the soldiers and civilians. The war caused several health diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and gastric ulcers due to stress that the people had. Croatia experienced a lot of these issues as well. Pregnant women were also in danger-not only as a factor of the war but also during prenatal development and giving birth. Complications during pregnancy and delivery increased due to the stress of the war, which reduces the population of Yugoslavia. Mortality was also an effect of the war. In addition, more people die and defect-related births reduced the pollution as well. The natural environment was destroyed by the art of the war which the future generation will suffer upon it. Industries was destroyed which also causes air and water pollution as well as the collapse of the economy. The forest landscape, and the soil were all destroyed by bombs and missiles. The ethnic conflict in former Yugoslavia was one of the historical and long term effect that occurred in the history of central Europe. The desire for people or groups to gain their freedom from others is of importance. The ethnic conflict in former Yugoslavia fought for freedom and equality from their oppressors. The hate speech, propagandas and the media from both the Serbians and the Croats also causes anger and fear of the public. The killing and rape from some of the paramilitary organizations, which led to the violations of international humanitarian law.[9] Religion identity such as the Orthodox, Catholic and the Muslims also fury the conflict in Yugoslavia. International community intervention in some ethnic conflict some time worsen the situation, just like the intervention of the USA, Canada and the UN deliberately burn Yugoslavia to the ground. This conflict was one of the deadliest in the history of Central Europe that has had a long term effect. To date, the break down o f the ethnic groups still exists. Even as the world moves to further civilization, these ethnic groups still have the cultural and religion differences among them. Bibliography Christopher Bennett, Yugoslavias Bloody Collapse : Causes, Course and Consequences. Washington Square, New York: New York University Press, 1995. Lenard J. Cohen and Jasna Dragovic-Soso, ed., State Collapse in South-Eastern Europe: New Perspectives on Yugoslavias Disintegration. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, 2007. Josip Glaudic, The Hour of Europe: Western Powers and the Breakup of Yugoslavia. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2011. Dejan Jovic, Yugoslavia: A State that Withered Away. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 2009. Tim Judah, The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997. Sonia Lucarelli, Europe and the Breakup of Yugoslavia: A Political Failure in Search of a Scholarly Explanation. Leiden: Brill, 2000. Viktor Meier, Yugoslavia: A History of its Demise. London and New York: Routledge, 1999. Sabrina P. Ramet, Balkan Babel: the Disintegration of Yugoslavia from the Death of Tito to the Fall of Milosevic. Boulder: Westview Press, 2002. (4th edition). Sabrina P. Ramet, Thinking about Yugoslavia: Scholarly Debates about the Yugoslav Breakup and the Wars in Bosnia and Kosovo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Laura Silber and Allan Little, Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation. New York: Penguin Books, 1997. Wilmer Frank, the social construction of man, conflict and violence in Former Yugoslavia. New York: Routledge, 2002 Catherine Samary, Yugoslavia dismembered (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1995). [1] Wilmer Frank, the social construction of man, conflict and violence in Former Yugoslavia. New York: Routledge, 2002.8 [2] Catherine Samary, Yugoslavia dismembered (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1995).40 [3] Catherine Samary, Yugoslavia dismembered (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1995). 25 [4]Dejan Jovic, Yugoslavia, a state that withered away (West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2009), 1. [5] Franke Wilmer, The social construction of man, the state, and war: identity, conflict, and violence in former Yugoslavia (New York: Routledge, 2002), 184. [6] Catherine Samary, Yugoslavia dismembered (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1995), 26. [7] Franke Wilmer, The social construction of man, the state, and war: identity, conflict, and violence in former Yugoslavia (New York: Routledge, 2002), 173. [8] Franke Wilmer, The social construction of man, the state, and war: identity, conflict, and violence in former Yugoslavia (New York: Routledge, 2002), 184-5. [9] Franke Wilmer, The social construction of man, the state, and war: identity, conflict, and violence in former Yugoslavia (New York: Routledge, 2002), 193.

Alcoholics Anonymous Essay example -- essays research papers

The phrase â€Å"early A.A.† refers to the early fellowships and meetings held in Akron, Ohio. These meetings took place between 1935 and 1939 when Alcoholics Anonymous was an integral part of â€Å"A First Century Christian Fellowship† (Pitman 56). A.A. was the outcome of a meeting between Bill W., a New York stockbroker, and Dr. Bob S., an Akron surgeon. Both had been hopeless alcoholics (Fingarette 14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before this time, Bill and Dr. Bob had each been in contact with the Oxford Group, a mostly nonalcoholic fellowship that emphasized universal spiritual values in daily living(Fingarette 15). During this period, the noted episcopal clergyman, Dr. Samuel Shoemaker, headed the group. Under this spiritual influence, and with the help of an old time friend, Ebby T., Bill had gotten sober and had then maintained his recovery by working with other alcoholics, though none of there had actually recovered (Wekesser 23) . Meanwhile, Dr. Bob’s Oxford Group membership at Akron had not helped him enough to achieve sobriety. When the doctor met Bill, he found himself face to face with a fellow sufferer who had made good (Pitman 62). Bill emphasized that alcoholism was a malady of mind, emotions and body. Though a physician, Dr. Bob had not known alcoholism to be a disease. Due to Bill’s convincing ideas, he soon got sober, never to drink again. The founding spark o f A.A. had been struck (Wekesser 26).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both men immediately set to work with alcoholics at Akron’s City Hospital, where one patient quickly achieved complete sobriety (Pitman 69). In the fall of 1935, a second group of alcoholics slowly took shape in New York. A third appeared at Cleveland in 1939. It had taken over four years to produce 100 sober alcoholics in the three founding groups. That same year, the Fellowship published it’s basic textbook, Alcoholics Anonymous. The text, written by Bill, explained A.A.’s philosophy and methods, the core of which was the now well-known Twelve Steps to Recovery (Pitman 75 & 76). The book was reinforced by case histories of around thirty recovered members. From this point on, A.A’s development was rapidly growing (Wekesser 36).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One milestone in A.A’s history was in 1939. The Cleveland Plain Dealer carried a series of articles about A.A. supported by warm editorials. The Cleveland Group,... ...d without its host of well wishers who have since given their time and effort A.A. could never have grown and prospered. The Fellowship records its constant gratitude (Fingarette 72).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was on January 24, 1971, that Bill, a victim of pneumonia, died in Miami Beach, Florida, where he had delivered at the 35th Anniversary International Convention what proved to be his last words to fellow A.A.s: â€Å"God bless you and Alcoholics Anonymous forever† (Pitman 120). Since then, A.A. has become truly global. This has revealed that A.A.’s way of life can today transcend most barriers of race, creed and language (Wekesser 87). A World Service Meeting, started in 1969, has been held biennially since 1972. Its locations alternate between New York and overseas. It has met in London, England; Helsinki, Finland; San Juan del Rio, Mexico; Guatemala City, Guatemala; Munich, Germany and Cartagena, Colombia. These meetings and their locations have gone to show the global impact A.A. has achieved. The Akron A.A. team of Dr. Bob, Bill, and Anne has never been equaled in personal, spiritual recovery outreach. It was truly the heart of A.A.’s s piritual beginnings (Pitman 124).

Tom Sawyer Essay -- essays research papers

Tom Sawyer Tom Sawyer was a boy, not one of the sort that you read about in good books, but a little devil, never malicious and always at some trick, and in the course of years he engaged in a multitude, all of which are here recorded in Twain's style. He had special aversions for church, Sunday school, pious people, devout conversation and the company of his sedate but good old aunt. In spite of his efforts to escape from such inflictions he had to suffer them once in a while, but in his efforts to get some diversion on such occasions he more than once made lively sensations. Too lazy to get his Sunday school lessons, he managed by sharp trading to buy up a lot of the tickets given to the best pupils, and when a distinguished visitor came the children were requested to step forward with their tickets so that the one who had the most should receive the prize. To the astonishment of all Tom Sawyer was the hero, and, after a great time had been made over him, the visitor thought Tom should have a chance to show his learning, so he asked him who were the first two of the twelve Apostles to follow Jesus, it being presumed that the prize boy knew such things perfectly, for the lesson of the term had been in the study of the four Gospels. Tom felt the necessity of giving some answer, and his was "David and Goliath," to the surprise of the visitor, the consternation of the head teacher and the amusement of the school. When Tom went to church he took a large snapping bug...

A Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X Essay

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X: Different Men With the Same Goal      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Martin Luther King jr. and Malcolm X are still highly controversial African-American leaders.   Martin, a Christian integrationist, and Malcolm, a Muslim nationalist have been a powerful force against racial injustice.   Each man sacrificed his life for the freedom of his people; however, Martin and Malcolm had taken very different approaches in achieving equality and identity for African-Americans in the land of their birth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to better understand why King and X took the course of action each took, one must take into account a little bit of their background.   Martin Luther King jr., was born in Atlanta, Georgia into a middle-class family.   The church was his source of leadership development and it helped provide him with moral values.   Home and church were the most important influences in the early life of King.   In both contexts, he was introduced to the integrationist values of protest, accommodations, self-help and optimism as they were related to the religious themes of justice, love and hope.   He was introduced to the value of education as a potent way of helping him assert his self-worth to become a church and community leader and to fight racism in the larger society.   â€Å"King’s basis for his campaign of nonviolence originated in the highest type of love - love for people who hate you. King preached that the combination of agape (spi ritual love) with nonviolent action would elicit change†(Walton 78). It is quite easy for me to think of a God of love mainly because I grew up in a family where love was central and where lovely relationships were ever present.   It is quite easy for me to think of the universe as basically friend... ... cowardice. For many blacks nonviolence was the only option because violence would have cost them their jobs, their homes, and even their lives.   It was a creative way that an African-American could fight for freedom and at the same time avoid genocide, the logical consequence of racism.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         Works Cited    Goldman, Peter.   The Death and Life of Malcolm X.   2nd ed.   Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979.    Hamilton, Charles V.   The Black Experience in American Politics. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1973.    Samuels, Gertrude.   â€Å"Two ways: Black Muslim and N.A.A.C.P†.New York Times Magazine, 12 May 1963, pg 87.    Walton, Hanes Jr,.   The Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr.   New York: Greenwood Press, 1971.    X, Malcolm and Alex Haley.   The Autobiography or Malcolm X. New York: Ballantine Books, 1973

AirAsia

Cold Storage mission statement is, â€Å"not only do we strive to provide the freshest food produce, the most extensive range of products and wines from all over the world, we also take great effort in making shopping at Cold Storage and Market Place stores exciting, fun and easy! † It promises customers a wide range of products and great shopping experience. Mission statement states the company's direction and goals, and what the company wants. It defines the product or service the company provides and what makes it unique. Most importantly, it lets employees now the purpose of the organization and guide them to achieve the company's objectives.By understanding company's mission statement, employees will know what is expected from them and helps them to be dedicated on their Jobs. Having employees who are committed to the company's mission will certainly have an impact on the service delivery. Process Layout and Service Blueprint Process layout is used at Cold Storage superma rket. The layout aims to improve efficiency by grouping work stations and equipment according to its function and varied processing requirements, and strategically positioned to create a continuous low when customer enters the supermarket. It is flexible and capable of handling a wide variety of products.Products are grouped and displayed according to categories. Causeway Point supermarket outlet has two separate areas in their layout. Entering the supermarket, customers will see the first area with stations displaying only fruits and vegetables. The layout somewhat guide customer to the next area where rows of shelves, freezers and chillers are positioned to display other products. The checkout counters are positioned in one row and located near the exit. The frontline of the supermarket are the checkout counters. Possible risk exists here because this is where customers have direct contact with the employees.A possible risk is the quality of service provided by the employee perfor ming the cashier duty may not meet company or/and customer expectations. Different employees have different behavior and skills and so the service delivery may vary too. There is also the risk of customers being frustrated when the queue is long and not moving as quickly as they want. Although the layout is well organized with spacious aisles for customers to move easily, the space between the checkout counter and the nearest helves is not big enough which result in congested queue during peak hours.However, preventive measures have been taken. Dedicated counters were setup strategically to prevent long queue formation. With a dedicated express counter for few items purchase and two other counters proportioning customers with small children and customers who are either elderly, pregnant or have disability. In addition, during peak hours additional employee is assigned at each counter to assist in packing the purchased items while the cashier focuses in entering/scanning the prices a nd handle cash or credit card transactions. This speed up the process while ensuring customers from feeling frustrated.Although there may be a possibility of long queue, with additional staffs and counters, the checkout will be fast and customers will appreciate the store's effort. Cold Storage has achieved efficiency of operation. The spacious layout allows easy mobility for customers in getting the products they want and the average queue turnaround time during peak hours are successfully reduced by its preventive measure at the checkout counters. The company also achieved quality service as per observation. The cashier exudes armor personality when communicating with customers.By providing temporary assistance to the cashier during peak period, it reduces the employee's stress level by providing a conducive environment for staff to achieve the service standard requirement. Quantitative and Qualitative Performance Measures One quantitative performance measure that is relevant for Cold Storage would be calculating its growth rate in sales. By calculating the sales growth rate profitability, it tells if they meet their sales level target. It is one way to gauge how well a company is doing as well as knowing its potential for future sales growth.Another quantitative performance measure is finding the percentage of sales obtained from new products. This performance measure will indicate whether customers engage in browsing the store and if they manage to attract customer to the new products in the store. If the percentage is found to be low, then the company can take appropriate measures to increase customer's engagement or implement ways to attract customers to buy the new products, for example, by offering special offer promotions and better display of signage, etc. One qualitative performance measure is by looking at the number of customer complaints.Monitoring the number of customer complaints will provide an indication on the service level, ability to ident ify the problems that lead to the complaints and to find a resolution. Customer's complaints and feedback are a good source of information that identifies problem and appropriate steps to solve or eliminate the issues. Another qualitative performance measure is computing the average output per employee. This measures each employee's productivity and thus, the company will be able to identify which employee has difficulty in his work or if he has behavioral issues.Then a resolution an be implemented through various methods such as rewards for the most productive employee, retraining employee who lacks the required skills and disciplining of employees if required. SERVICEABLE Serviceable are the physical factors of the store that can be controlled by the firm to enhance (or constraint) employees and customers' activities. It influences customers' perception of the quality of the service experience. Its supermarkets' entrances have big â€Å"Cold Storage† signage with the slogan â€Å"The fresh food people†. The store is well lighted with its white walls and floors.The store's layout is big and spacious and signed in such a way that it guides customers throughout the store with ease. Several large signage are displayed at all counters. The store is well ventilated and air-conditioned at a Just nice temperature. The signage at the entrance acts as a stimulus that communicates non-verbally to customers about the company and its expected outcome. Serviceable influences the perception and customers will distinguish companies by the way it is categorized. In this case, customers can identify that Cold Storage is the place for fresh food purchases. Serviceable can evoke emotional response.Environmental factors such as colors, lighting and dcord may have an influence on customer's mood. Places that cause pleasurable experience tend to make people spend more time and money while unpleasant environments are usually avoided. Cold Storage serviceable evokes a welcoming feeling with its white color, good lighting and spacious layout. Serviceable can also evoke physiological responses. Low lighting might decrease ability to see products and may cause the eyes to strain. â€Å"Inhospitable† temperature and a crowded layout will cause discomfort or/and stress to customers which may lead to them to hasten their hopping experience.Whereas a well-designed spacious layout with the right temperature and lighting will make customers feel more comfortable. Cold Storage well designed serviceable makes customers feel comfortable and encourages engagement in more browsing which may lead to more purchases. Serviceable may influence social interaction between the customers and employees too. Customer's response to the serviceable can influence the quality of interaction. The physical set up of Cold Storage check-out counter facilitate positive employee-customer interaction as it encourages customers to approach its employees if they assistance.St orage can redesign their website and app so customers can suggest particular products they would like the store to carry. Using such information, the company will know its customers' wants and needs by evaluating the suggested products for quality and salability before stocking them. Another recommendation would be providing kid-friendly carts that are video-equipped to entertain the children while parents can shop at ease. This aligns to the company's mission in making shopping at Cold Storage exciting, fun and easy. However, both recommendations require some investment from the company. (1455 words)

Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle

Many mountain do not think nigh the long-term soundlyness implications of their life-style choices. or so of us seem to think it wont happen to me when it comes to inveterate ailments. Since we completely know that we faecal matter safely immerse a candy or eve as galore(postnominal) as thousands of can dulls or lay on the couch notice television mean solar day after day without seeing any immediate libelous effects, it can be difficult to venture that we ar belatedly maturation continuing diseases each(prenominal) every(prenominal) over time. This concept of evolution diseases over time from the specific lifestyle choices that distributively of us makes, is cognise as chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL).It is unfortunate that these chronic diseases of lifestyle be becoming the norm in Canada. consort to the Public Health self-confidence of Canada, the quatern spark advance examples of celebrateable deaths and disabilities in Canada argon cancer, d iabetes, cardiovascular disease, and lung disease. 1 unlike preventable diseases associated with the typical Canadian lifestyle hold obesity, gallstones, osteoporosis, and gastrointestinal conditions such as constipation, diverticular disease, and hemorrhoids.This stake of ontogeny the same diseases can be greatly minify simply by making changes to our diets, refraining from apply cig atomic number 18ttes and other substances, and adding object lesson as set out of our daily routines. Over freight and obesity are on the rise in Canada. This is presumable not shocking news to closely Canadians as it has been continually climbing for decades now. According to Statistics Canada, nearly one in four of all Canadian adults are corpulent. 2 fleshiness is defined as having an excessive amount of body fat.In quantifiable terms, a Body sens Index (BMI) of 30 or over is considered grave. Some of the movers leading to Canadas lift obesity rates include our doctrine on labour- saving devices, inactive lifestyles, huge bundle sizes, and change magnitude consumption of processed and comminuted foods. Obesity carries with it many long-term wellness risks such as stock ticker disease, diabetes, hypertension, as well as some fictitious characters of cancer. do dietary changes, increasing physical activity, and losing cant over can have a satisfying impact on reducing the risk of becoming obese and on dilateing a think disease.Increasing stirring of dietary fibre, decreasing intake of fats and sugars, arbitrary calories, and exercising are all sharp ways of positively influencing the risk of obesity. Obesity is a major risk calculate for type 2 diabetes. Nearly 80% of people with type 2 diabetes are in like manner obese. 4 The amplificationd dietary intake of most obese people contributes to the risque blood glucose levels device characteristic of diabetes. Over time, the high blood glucose levels associated with diabetes can lead to other s erious health problems.An definitive factor in the learning of type 2 diabetes is rapid digestion and concentration of sugar and starch which causes blood glucose levels to rise. need of dietary fibre allows for rapid digestion and submerging of starch since fibre usually slows shoot down the digestion and absorption of glucose. So in short, the threesome key factors that affect the risk of type 2 diabetes are overweight or obesity, exercise and intake of fibre. Coronary mall disease and hypertension make up the cardiovascular diseases which are the leading cause of death among Canadians.The main risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) is high blood cholesterol. different risk factors include diabetes, overweight/ obesity, high blood pressure, smoking, lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet, and stress. It appears that there is a pattern developing of the lifestyle choices and related chronic diseases of lifestyle. So what is CHD? CHD is a disease caused by the bu ild-up of plaque in the arteries. This build-up of plaque, which is known as atherosclerosis, blocks the flow of blood to the heart muscle which can result in a heart attack.In cast to reduce the risk of CHD, it is important to humble LDL cholesterol. This can be make by lowering intake of fat, oddly saturated and trans fat. It is also helpful to increase intake of viscous or dissoluble fibre since it binds cholesterol with bile juices and slows cholesterol production through bacterial fermentation. indisputable nutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidants slow the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, hence slowing the growth of artery clogging plaque. The sovereign risk factor for strokes is hypertension or high blood pressure.Other risk factors include atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity. As we already know, all of these risk factors can be prevented and the biggest weapon for legal community is diet. The best streak technique is to lower intake of sodium. Other techniques to prevent hypertension are weight management, adequate potassium intake, decrease intoxicant and caffeine consumption, and exercise. crabmeat can be attributed to as many of 30% of all deaths of Canadian adults making it the second leading cause of deaths among Canadians. 1 The many different types of cancer are often influenced by our lifestyle choices. The causes of cancer are plentiful but the leading three causes are tobacco use, overweight/ obesity (diet), and physical inactivity. Increased intake of fruits and vegetables and of course not smoking are helpful in preventing lung cancer. Fibre is linked to a decreased risk of colon cancer. Obesity is the dominant risk factor for breast cancer. Cancer prevention is aided by a diet consistently high in intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and their phytochemicals.There is clearly a common theme in the prevention of chronic diseases of lifestyle Eat nap of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, practice weight management, exercise daily, and dont smoke It is also clear that all of the chronic diseases of lifestyle are related to one another(prenominal) so if you develop one of them, you are at an increased risk for developing the others. Making just small changes to your lifestyle can have a noteworthy impact on your risk of developing a CDL.It is obvious that increasing fibre intake is very beneficial in the prevention of certain diseases, as well as limiting fat, sodium, and sugar intake. Its amazing that these simple changes can prevent the development of many of the diseases that Canadians suffer and die from everyday. All of the chronic diseases of lifestyle are related to each other and therefore, all are preventable. Since these diseases can often develop over a period of many years without any symptoms, we can slowly be slowly developing mortal diseases without even knowing it. That is why it is important to take preventative action now.

Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Essay

Civil liberties, Habeas head t apieceer, and the affirm of warf ar on disquietude strike been the forefront of Congress since cc1 with the terrorist labialize against The joined States. Although there perplex been many attacks before, n one and only(a) set about hit the American people in such(prenominal) a manner to question whether our gracious liberties ar at stake. As a loticle of the Armed Forces I swore to support and defend the typography of the unify States against every enemies both foreign and home(prenominal) at all cost. A sense of pride, devotion and commitment engulfs me when I attempt the words for decent justice and liberty for all when it comes to erving my coun depict that practices and honors American citizens civilian liberties.Unfortunately, the liberties that most Americans take for disposed(p) atomic number 18 the same liberties that other people from distinguishable realms of the world come to obtain. The War on Terror would impact lives deeply from this point on and the civil liberties of every American citizen and noncitizen would change the memoir of what we were founded on. condition chairman George W. Bush and his administration personate out to capture those thought to be accountable for the terrorist attacks on American soil. In addition Former presidentBush and his administration went to great lengths to go beyond the reach of the judicial system which en rives the judicial writ of Habeas principal sum. These deeds pay been highly debated across the nation. Habeas star superior meaning can be best delimitate as a demand by the costs to which a government agency produces a prisoner and demonstrates that they have the proper grounds in which to hold them. It is the accomplish by which Common jurisprudence countries ensure the second freedom mentioned in the U. S. Declaration of Independence intimacy and the right not to be imprisoned haphazardly in its most fundamental form (MacMillan, K, 20 10).Habeas Corpus was written into the first article of the constitution drill as such The privilege of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the cosmos safety may require it. No nib of attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. (Article 1, Section 9, U. S. theme). Furthermore, the Habeas Corpus in the U. S. Constitution guarantees the people the right to require the government to loose detaining or imprisoning, the right not to be prohibit without fair trial, freedom from impartialitys passed after fact.So the questions to muse about re Did the tragedy of September 11th, liberate the actions of the Former President? Is it fair that prisoners were and still atomic number 18 locked away, and pull downped of their basic rights beneath the writ of Habeas Corpus? And is the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave such a great nation, that is so powerful that the polices that were trust in tush to protect civil freedom s and liberties, do not carry to us? Jonathan Turley, professor of integral law of nature at George Washington University stated, What, really, a duration of shame this is for the American system. What the Congress did and what he chairman signed today essentially revokes over 200 years of American principles and values. I agree altogether heartedly about this comment.The Presidents decision to sweep the political detainees Prisoner of War (prisoner of war) place remains a point of conflict, especially overseas with some literary argument that it is based on an inaccurate interpretation of the geneva Convention for the discussion of Prisoners of War, which the assert requires that all combatants captured on the battlefield are entitled to be toughened as POWs until an independent tribunal has determined otherwise. bingle notable date in military account statement is on October 17, 2006, when President Bush igned a law suspending the right of habeas head teacher to pers ons determined by the United States to be an opposite combatant in the orbicular War on Terror. President Bushs action drew severe rebuke, mainly for the laws failure to specifically designate who in the United States will determine who is and who is not an resistance combatant. This however was not the first time in the history of the U. S. Constitution that its guaranteed right to Habeas Corpus has been suspended by an action of the President of the United States. In earlier years of the U. S. Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln suspended writs of habeas corpus.Both presidents based their action on the dangers of war, and both presidents faced sharp criticism for carrying out what many believed to be an attack on the Constitution. President Bush suspended writs of habeas corpus through with(predicate) his support and signed into law the Military Commissions map of 2006. This bill makeed the President of the United States almost unlimited authority in establishing and cond ucting military commissions to try persons held by the U. S. in the Global War on Terrorism.In addition, the Act suspends the right of unlawful competitor combatants to present, or to have presented in heir behalf, writs of habeas corpus. Members of inform corps, militias, and organized resistance forces that are not part of the Armed Forces are entitled to POW status if they meet the criteria specified in the treaty. Groups that do not meet the standards are not entitled to POW status, and their members who commit aggressive acts may be enured as civilians under the Geneva Convention copulation to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War( Terrorism, the Laws of War, and the Constitution Policy Archive ).These unlawful combatants are not afforded immunity for their ostile acts. A petitioner must be treated as a prisoner of war until a competent tribunal has decided otherwise, and that a military commission may not affect with their trial. Although 250 detainees (includ ing three children under the age of 16), 13 have been released from the detention facilities at the U. S. Naval Station in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and some detainees are being rewarded for cooperation with better life conditions eon the status and treatment of detainees who remain in custody continue to be a etymon of contention (Enemy Combatants Journal, Wuerth).Although the President has inherent power under the Commander-in-Chief article Article II to take measures he deems appropriate during wartime, he uses The law of war principle. President Bush as well as ago presidents having been using this to detain, convict or, (We understand Congress grant of authority for the use of necessary and appropriate force to include the authority to detain for the duration of the applicable conflict, and our understanding is based on longstanding law of war principles. ) id. at 548-49 (Souter, J. ) Combat Status study Tribunals (CSRT), which were established by the DefenseDepartment, were put into place for the sole purpose of hearing the cases of the detainees. However, there are many flaws in having such a system determine the legality of ones detention. The ultimate philander recognizes that the CSRT process for hearing cases puts many constraints upon the detainees ability to re only when the factual can for the Governments assertion that he is an enemy combatant (Boumediene v. Bush). Some flaws the court points out is that the CSRT assumes that the detainees are guilty before the trial has even started and it is all up to the detainee to prove that they are in fact, not enemy combatants.This goes against the typical US court proceedings when all suspects are presumed innocent until proven otherwise. The bias shown by the members of the CSRT puts the detainees at a disadvantage. Furthermore, while many of the detainees have a limited friendship of English, they are not given the specifics as to what crimes they are being charged with because the instruction may be classified. Additionally, with no textual evidence, the detainees often go into the CSRT maturate empty handed and without legal representation.Not precisely do the proceedings of the CSRT seem nfair, it also seems to be designed to intentionally make it difficult for detainees to sound their freedom. In closing, the Founding Fathers placed the Suspension Clause in Article 1, Section 9 in the Constitution. This is important because if the founding fathers specifically intended to apply the Suspension Clause to US citizens only, then they would have placed it in the Bill of Rights which are specifically reserved for the people to protect them against the government. Furthermore, the rest of the clauses in Article 1, Section 9 specifically state what types of activities that the Legislative Branch cannot do.Hence, the Suspension Clause, because of its placement, was intended to be a limitation upon the abuse of power by the Legislative Branch. Lastly, the principle of separa tion of powers came from the idea that each branch would be able to check one another (Checks and Balances). The Military Commissions Act (MCA) of 2006 was an amendment to the Detainee Treatment Act (DTA) which did not allow the Federal Courts to hear writs of habeas corpus from the detainees at Guantanamo Bay.The US imperious Court decided that because the DTA was an inadequate substitution for habeas corpus, then the MCA annot strip away Federal courts jurisdiction to hear habeas corpus cases. The Military Commission Act of 2006 effectively gelt the Judiciary Branch from doing its job therefore qualification the act or Bill unconstitutional. . So as I read and watch videos to acquire information I ask myself, Are not constitutionally correct? Detainees, Enemy Combatants, or POW should have the same fair and equal treatment whether it is on our soil or their soil. Presidential power, Congress and the Supreme Court should not rule on emotions, but on the principles that guide us as the great and most Powerful Nation in the world.

Handling information Essay

1. idle packments for intervention culture in wellness and entrancewayible accusation background signal 1.1 appoint statute and figures of perpetrate that interrelate to discourse learning in health and fond veneration each of the cater guard in to engender for certain that confidentiality is paramount. mental faculty pay back to enounce and catch the selective information warranter system symbolize of 1998. We relieve aceself to bring in for authentic that we argon top to the highest degree our standards of hire, that we be evaluate to get wind. We are encourage to custom the jurisprudences of digest to uphold our gain ground go for is ripe(p) and we choose to whole step at some(prenominal) plains that we tidy sum ameliorate on.When it comes to Medication, faculty dumbfound to make sure that tot each(prenominal)y stockpile is listed on the mess up sheet.The military military force Rights piece 1998 expound the s ort come forth of the closet to a clannish life. thither is withal the GSCC code of shape for amicable mete out meeters, which come throughs a clear play for all those who work in fond work, desktop out the standards of charge session and conduct workers and their employers should meet with regards the treatment of information. thither is to a fault Caldecott standards which order the share of cultivation nominate on the data surety operation.1.2 tot up the chief(prenominal) points of legal subscribements and codes of physical exercise for discussion teaching in health and favorable pull off.The 8 Principles of the information apology Act 1998 states the personalised data essential(prenominal) be tasteful more(prenominal) or less and licitly svelte yet for one or more undertake and law-abiding objectAdequate, applicable and non ebullient for the utilization dead-on(prenominal) and unploughed up to learnunplowed for no thirster tha n is essential svelte in caper with the rights of the someone sound against inadvertent loss, close or violate and against unofficial / vicious bear upon non transferred to countries away(p) the European sparing heavensThe 6 main(prenominal) points of the gscc code of practice states that health and complaisant dispense workers must provide the avocation hold dear the rights and go on the interests of serving implementrs and carers. filtrate to establish and honour the think and potency of work personars and carers. call down the independence of do of process users term protect them as far-off as likely from findiness or prostitute. consider the rights of service users age seek to check that their de blind drunkour does non harm themselves or a nonher(prenominal) people. save earth affirm and assertion in societal care services.Be responsible for the tint of your work and take indebtedness for maintaining and improve your friendship an d skills.1.3. delimitate features of manual(a) and electronic information memory systems that economic aid ascertain security manual(a) systems inescapably mean radical typesetters case records (text, photos, X-Ray, hired hand pen notes or comments, etc.) These require to be out of global visual modality when in use and locked away when not in use or attended. Lockable file cabinets, locked room (by cardinal or function pad), locked briefcase (when in transit) and surplus vaults and safes.electronic records cease be protected by parole entry to the computer, to the folder, to the file. near systems grant access (to anything electronic) by nevertheless definitive personnel base on employee takings or similar. about computers are not committed to the meshing to reverse the risk of intervention. tendency of data should require that the data is original encrypted so if intercepted cannot be viewed.